Moreover, we focused on individual contracts and transactions, aiming at discovering and identifying common causing factors triggering these exceptions. By investigation, we found gas exceptions stand out in terms of both occurrences and losses. In particular, we collect exception transactions using an instrumented Ethereum client. If a transaction uses up all available gas, an out of gas exception (OG) will trigger, reverting state until right before that transaction.In this work, we study the out of gas exceptions (or gas exceptions in short) on Ethereum empirically for the very first time. However, unlike regular programs, smart contracts are restricted in execution by gas limit, i.e., a form of runtime resource. By design, users can send transactions to smart contracts, which will automatically lead to code execution and state modification. In Ethereum, special programs named smart contracts are often used to implement key components for BCP. Ethereum is by far the most popular blockchain platform chosen for BCP. By moving trust-critical functions onto blockchain, BCP offers unprecedented function transparency and data integrity. Abstract : Blockchain-based cloud application (BCP) is an emerging cloud application architecture.
0 kommentar(er)
